National Academies:

New Heroes

Paul Ginsparg

Paul Ginsparg arrived a few minutes late to our session at Cornell, still wearing his bike helmet and running shoes. He had pedaled across campus through the cold November air. His office looked like a storm had passed through and decided to stay. Boxes everywhere. Old computers stacked beside piles of journals. Books leaning in crooked towers. Loose papers spilling across the floor.

He sat down right on top of it all. Books, papers, boxes, his own improvised perch. Behind him, two blackboards filled with chalk equations that reached the edges. The room felt like the inside of a mind that never stops moving.

In 1991, while working at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Ginsparg built something that changed the way science communicates. A small digital bulletin board called arXiv, where physicists could share their papers instantly with anyone. No subscriptions. No waiting for journals. Just knowledge moving as fast as it was created. What started as a tool for a few hundred physicists grew into a global network.

Today, arXiv holds millions of papers across every field of study. It became the model for open science, a quiet revolution that reshaped how research lives in the world. The idea seems obvious now, but at the time it was radical. Ginsparg simply saw a bottleneck and removed it.

At Cornell, he still teaches and writes about how information moves. He thinks deeply about patterns, about how ideas evolve once they are released. His curiosity crosses borders, from theoretical physics to the social mechanics of communication. In conversation, he is fast and funny, quick to laugh, quick to question.

He does not talk like someone who knows he changed history. There is no self-importance, only the steady clarity of someone who trusts that progress comes from sharing. What he built gave science a new heartbeat.

As the light fades through his office window, the chalkboards turn gray and the papers beneath him shift in the draft. The room feels alive, humming with the residue of thought. It is a place where chaos and clarity coexist, and where one man sitting on a pile of paper quietly changed how knowledge moves through the world.


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